Present Perfect Tense

The present perfect tense is used to :

1) express an action that has just finished; as,

* I have solved the problem (just now).

2) express some past action that continues up to the present moment;

* He has lived in London five years. (it implies that the speaker is still living in London).

3) express a work which was completed long ago, but which still exists;

* The English have founded great empire in the east.

4) In summing up the work of authors living or recently dead;

* Wordsworth has written many poems.

5) For a future perfect when such words as when, before, as soon as, often, till are used before it;

* I will attend to this business as soon as I have finished my letter.
 
6) In referring to what has frequently happened in the past;

* Poor men have often risen to high positions by hard work.

Note: The present perfect cannot be used with and adverb that express past time or definite ping of past time.

E.g.

* I have written a letter yesterday. (say - I wrote a letter yesterday).

The present perfect tense is formed as given below:

Rule:- subject + have / has + past participle of root verb

Examples:

* I have finished my homework.
*We have bought a new television set.
*You have broken the window pane.
*He has eaten bread and butter.
*She has paid the grocery bill.
*It has hurt me.
*The have sent me a wedding invitation.
*Peter has required my handset.
*Merry has cooked food.
*The boys have won the match.
*The postman has delivered the letter.
*The doctor has examined the patient.
*The teacher has taught this chapter.
*I have received your money order.
*The election campaign has already begun.
*The bank has stopped payment of his cheque.
*He has started the business with comparatively small capital.